超级绝缘体、玻色金属和高温超导体：新兴磁单极子的量子物理 Superinsulators, Bose Metals And High-tc Superconductors: The Quantum Physics Of Emergent Magnetic Monopoles
基本信息
Format Hardback | 248 pages
Dimensions 152.4 x 228.6 x 16mm | 503.49g
Publication date 18 May 2022
Publisher World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
Publication City/Country Singapore, Singapore
Language English
ISBN10 9811250952
ISBN13 9789811250958
书籍信息仅供参考，具体以实物为准
书籍简介
1931年，狄拉克表明，拓扑量化的单磁电荷，即磁单极，虽然在规整理论中被经典地禁止，但在电磁学的量子理论中却允许与电荷并存。这样的拓扑磁激发在大多数基本相互作用的大统一场理论的谱系中确实被允许。尽管经过40年的努力探索，但它们从未在任何实验中出现过。然而，这并不排除拓扑磁单极作为新兴凝聚态的激发物被实现的可能性，在那里它们会更轻，更容易被创造出来。这些影响包括从可能与高T超导有关的电子局部强配对的新机制，到单极凝聚时物质的新量子相的形成。在这样的凝聚物中，电的相互作用变得极强，以至于只有扩展的中性状态才能存活，其结果是即使在有限的温度下也有无限的阻力。这种状态被称为超绝缘体，是一种双超导体，已经在各种材料中被实验检测到。在超绝缘体中，电相互作用变得类似于强相互作用将夸克固定在彩色中性强子中。更有趣的是，当凝结物同时携带磁和电荷时。随之而来的状态具有惊人的特性，让人想起高T超导体的神秘假隙状态。因此，磁单极可能一直隐藏在众目睽睽之下，长期以来没有人在寻找它们。
In 1931 Dirac showed that topologically quantized single magnetic charges, magnetic monopoles, while classically forbidden in a gauge theory, are allowed alongside electric charges in a quantum theory of electromagnetism. Such topological magnetic excitations are indeed admitted in the spectrum of most grand unified field theories of elementary interactions. Despite 40 years of dedicated search efforts, nonetheless, they have never shown up in any experiment. This, however, does not preclude the possibility of topological magnetic monopoles being realized as excitations in emergent condensed matter states, where they would be much lighter and easier to create.This book is about the physical effects of such emergent magnetic monopoles. These range from a new mechanism for local, strong pairing of electrons possibly relevant for high-T superconductivity, to the formation of a new quantum phase of matter when monopoles condense. In such a condensate the electric interaction becomes extremely strong, so much so that only extended neutral states survive, with the consequence of an infinite resistance, even at finite temperatures. This state, called a superinsulator, is a dual superconductor and has been experimentally detected in various materials. In a superinsulator the electric interaction becomes analogous to the strong interaction holding quarks together in colour-neutral hadrons. Even more interesting is the case when the condensate carries both magnetic and electric charge. The ensuing state has properties that are strikingly reminiscent of the mysterious pseudogap state of high-T superconductors. Magnetic monopoles might thus have been hiding in plain sight where no one was looking for them for a long time.
作者简介
Carlo A Trugenberger于1988年在苏黎世的瑞士联邦理工学院获得理论物理学博士学位。在理论物理学方面的国际学术生涯（麻省理工学院、洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室、日内瓦欧洲核子研究中心、马克斯-普朗克米尔尼希研究所）使他在日内瓦大学担任高级讲师。2001年，他决定退出学术界，创立了他的一家人工智能（AI）公司。他设计的软件赢得了国际基准和奖项，是一个完全基于机器学习发现生物标志物的公司。此后，他又成立了第二家人工智能公司，致力于完全自动交易，不需要人工干预。他继续从事理论凝聚态物理学和量子引力的研究。他提出了超绝缘和玻色金属作为新的物质状态，这些建议后来在实验中得到了验证。他还介绍了一种基于网络中组合曲率测量的量子引力的新方法。他目前是InfoCodex Semantic Technologies AG的CSO和SwissScientific Technologies SA的CEO。
Carlo A Trugenberger earned his PhD in Theoretical Physics in 1988 at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich. An international academic career in theoretical physics (MIT, Los Alamos National Laboratory, CERN Geneva, Max Planck Institut Münich) led him to the position of senior lecturer at Geneva University. In 2001 he decided to quit academia to found his first artificial intelligence (AI) company. The software he designed won international benchmarks and awards and was the first to discover biomarkers based exclusively on machine learning. He since founded a second AI company dedicated to completely automatic trading with no human intervention. He continues his research in theoretical condensed matter physics and quantum gravity. He proposed superinsulation and Bose metals as new states of matter, proposals later verified experimentally. He also introduced a new approach to quantum gravity based on combinatorial curvature measures in networks. He is currently CSO of InfoCodex Semantic Technologies AG and CEO of SwissScientific Technologies SA.
