过去与现在（牛津世界经典系列） Past and Present
基本信息
Edited by:David R. Sorensen, Brent E. Kinser
Series:Oxford World's Classics
Format:Paperback / softback 512 pages
Publisher:Oxford University Press
Imprint:Oxford University Press
ISBN:9780198841081
Published:27 Apr 2023
Weight:350g
Dimensions:129 x 197 x 26 (mm)
Pub. Country:United Kingdom
Country of Origin:GB
Tariff Codes:49019900
页面参数仅供参考，具体以实物为准
书籍简介
托马斯-卡莱尔的《过去与现在》（1843年）是对维多利亚时代中期英国即将发生的灾难的预言性警告，作者将其描述为 "来自世界中心的神奇的雷声"。卡莱尔的社会批评产生了直接而深刻的影响，影响了关于 "英国状况 "问题的辩论，一直到20世纪及以后，并成为福利国家的道德基础。他对工业文明的无情的粗暴而富有启发性的批评，在英国、欧洲和美国都产生了广泛的反应。马修-阿诺德、约翰-斯图亚特-米尔、威廉-莫里斯、约翰-亨利-纽曼和约翰-罗斯金，以及亨利-大卫-梭罗、拉尔夫-瓦尔多-埃默森和沃尔特-惠特曼的著作中，都充满了直接归功于这本书的意象和思想。
《过去与现在》还为小说家和诗人提供了一个关于无处不在的腐烂的持久愿景，它是 "自由放任 "英国的核心。查尔斯-狄更斯的《圣诞颂歌》（1843年）、《邓比父子》（1848年）、《荒凉山庄》（1852-53年）和《艰难岁月》（1854年）；本杰明-迪斯雷利的《西比尔》（1845年）；伊丽莎白-加斯凯尔的《玛丽-巴顿》（1848年）和《南北》（1855年）；以及查尔斯-金斯利的《奥尔顿-洛克》（1850）等作品的文学形式和主题内容中都可以看到卡莱尔独特分析的反作用力。诗人如阿尔弗雷德-丁尼生的《莫德》（1855年）、和伊丽莎白-巴雷特-布朗宁的《奥罗拉-利》（1856年）建立了一个沉浸在卡莱尔论战的愤慨中的词汇表。
艺术家福特-马多克斯-布朗（Ford Madox Brown）试图在他的画作《工作》（1852-65）中为卡莱尔在《过去与现在》中所揭露的深刻的社会分裂提供视觉证明，并向这位 "按照他的模式塑造了一个国家 "的 "圣人 "致敬。
Thomas Carlyle's Past and Present (1843) was a prophetic warning of impending disaster for mid-Victorian Britain that was delivered in what the author described as a 'miraculous thunder-voice, from out of the centre of the world.' The impact of Carlyle's social criticism was immediate and profound, shaping debate about the 'The Condition of England' question well into the twentieth century and beyond, and serving as the moral foundation of the welfare state. His relentlessly abrasive and illuminating critique of industrial civilization generated a vast range of response both in England, Europe, and the United States. The writings of Matthew Arnold, John Stuart Mill, William Morris, John Henry Newman, and John Ruskin, as well as Henry David Thoreau, Ralph WaldoEmerson, and Walt Whitman, were saturated with imagery and ideas directly indebted to the book.
Past and Present also provided novelists and poets with an enduring vision of the ubiquitous rot that lay at the heart of 'laissez-faire' England. The repercussions of Carlyle's unique analysis can be witnessed in the literary form and thematic content of such works as Charles Dickens's Christmas Carol (1843), Dombey and Son (1848), Bleak House (1852-53), and Hard Times (1854); Benjamin Disraeli's Sybil (1845); Elizabeth Gaskell'sMary Barton (1848) and North and South (1855); and Charles Kingsley's Alton Locke (1850). Poets such as Alfred Tennyson in Maud (1855), Elizabeth Barrett Browning in Aurora Leigh (1856), and Arthur Hugh Clough in The Latest Decalogue (1862) built a vocabulary that was steeped in the outrage and indignation of Carlyle's polemic.
The artist Ford Madox Brownattempted in his painting Work (1852-65) to give visual testimony to the profound social schisms that Carlyle had exposed in Past and Present and to pay tribute to the 'Sage' who had 'moulded a nation to his pattern.'
作者简介
托马斯-卡莱尔是一位社会评论家和历史学家，1795年12月4日出生在苏格兰邓弗里郡的埃克尔菲切，与约翰-济慈同年，但卡莱尔被认为是早期的维多利亚主义者而不是浪漫主义者。完成小学学业后，他去了爱丁堡大学，但在1814年离开时没有拿到学位。他的父母希望他成为苏格兰教会的牧师，但他的独立精神使这样的生活计划无法实现。1816年，他爱上了一位年轻女子，并被她拒绝。他的恋情之后是一段怀疑和不确定的时期，在《Sartor Resartus》中得到了生动的描述，这部作品于1833年出版，引起了广泛的关注。卡莱尔的文学作品揭示了他对德国思想和哲学的崇拜，特别是对两位伟大的德国诗人席勒和歌德的崇拜。这部虚构的哲学家自传给拉尔夫-瓦尔多-爱默生留下了深刻印象，他将其带回美国，在那里出版。《法国大革命史》（1837年）在其部分内容被约翰-斯图亚特-米尔错误地当作火种烧掉后重写，巩固了卡莱尔的声誉。这部作品为他带来了名声，但没有带来巨大的财富。由于他的相对贫困，他被诱导进行了四个系列的公开演讲。1840年发表的《论英雄、英雄崇拜和历史中的英雄》，并于1841年出版。《过去和现在》（1843年）和《后期小册子》（1850年）介绍了他的经济和工业理论。随着《奥利弗-克伦威尔的信件和演讲》（1845年）、《约翰-斯特林的生活》（1851年）和《普鲁士的腓特烈二世，称为腓特烈大帝的历史》（1858-1865年）的出版，他又回到了传记领域。1865年，卡莱尔被任命为爱丁堡的校长大人。
Thomas Carlyle was a social critic and historian born in Ecclefechan, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, December 4, 1795, the same year as John Keats, but Carlyle is considered an early Victorian rather than a Romantic. After completing his elementary studies, he went to the University of Edinburgh but left in 1814 without a degree. His parents wanted him to become a minister in the Scottish church, but his independence of spirit made such a life program impossible. In 1816 he fell in love with, and was rejected by, a young woman. Carlyle's first literary work reveals his admiration for German thought and philosophy, and especially for the two great German poets Schiller and Goethe. The fictional autobiography of a philosopher deeply impressed Ralph Waldo Emerson who brought it back to the United States to be published there. History of the French Revolution (1837), rewritten after parts of it were mistakenly burned as kindling by John Stuart Mill, cemented Carlyle's reputation. The work brought him fame but no great wealth. As a result of his comparative poverty he was induced to give four series of public lectures. Of these the most famous were those On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic of History delivered in 1840 and published in 1841. Past and Present (1843), and Latter Day Pamphlets (1850) present his economic and industrial theories. With The Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell (1845), The Life of John Sterling (1851), and History of Frederick II of Prussia, Called Frederick the Great (1858-1865) he returned to biography. In 1865, Carlyle was made Lord Rector of Edinburgh.
