【商品详情】
书名：Gulag: A History 古拉格：一部历史
作者：Anne Applebaum安妮·阿普尔鲍姆
出版社名称：Anchor
出版时间：2004
语种：英文
ISBN：9781400034093
商品尺寸：13.2 x 3.6 x 20.3 cm
包装：平装
页数：736 （以实物为准）
Gulag: A History《古拉格：一部历史》出版之后立即被认为是一部人们期待已久的里程碑式的学术著作，对于任何一个希望了解二十世纪历史的人来说，它都是一本书。
在这部受到普遍称赞的权威性的著作中，安妮·阿普尔鲍姆第1次对古拉格——一个大批关押了成百上千万政治犯和刑事犯的集中营——进行了完全纪实性的描述，从它在俄国革命中的起源，到斯大林治下的扩张，再到公开性时代的瓦解。阿普尔鲍姆深刻地再现了劳改营生活的本质并且将其与苏联的宏观历史联系起来。
媒体推荐
“这是一本重要的书……强烈推荐人们阅读安妮·阿普尔鲍姆精心撰写的这部言之凿凿、出类拔萃的历史著作。”——《纽约时报书评》
“全面详尽，引人入胜。……（安妮·阿普尔鲍姆）严厉抨击了控制着古拉格体系的腐化堕落，证明了苏联人民的适应能力。……她的研究无懈可击。”——《旧金山纪事报》
一部终于使我们可以一睹古拉格全貌的力作……一本价值连城而且不可或缺的书。”——《华尔街日报》
“雄心勃勃，资料翔实。……无法估价。……阿普尔鲍姆有条不紊、毫不畏缩地向人们展示了进入古拉格的地狱并在其中生活的意义。”——《纽约人》杂志
“（阿普尔鲍姆的）著作有力而深刻，不过，它取得这种效果所依靠的是真诚和克制而非技巧的华丽。……（一本）令人钦佩和勇敢无畏的书。”——《华盛顿月刊》
“丰碑似的不朽之作。……阿普尔鲍姆用其令人赞叹的叙事技巧讲述了一个扣人心弦的故事。”——《新闻日报》
“价值连城。在俄语或者其他任何语言中还没有像本书这样的著作。它值得人们广泛阅读。”——《金融时报》
“一本其重要性不可能被夸大的书。……权威著作。……阿普尔鲍姆以如此平静优雅的笔调和道德上的严肃性所撰写的这本书对于治疗有关二十世纪两三桩穷凶极恶暴行的遗忘症——这种遗忘症令人不可思议地似乎在相当大的范围内影响着公众的意识——是一个重大的贡献。”——《泰晤士报文学增刊》
“一项确实令人印象深刻的成就。……我们大家应该感谢（阿普尔鲍姆）。”——《星期日泰晤士报》（伦敦）
“一本可怕的人间苦难纪事，一部关于人类所经历的特别疯狂地滥用权力的某个时期的历史，一则道德意义深远的警世明言。……一部具有无畏风格的权威著作，这种风格既使人感动又令人震惊，它展现了纷繁复杂的生活，揭示了注定灭亡的社会和腐朽的幻想的极度衰败。”——《每日电讯报》（伦敦）
“在安妮·阿普尔鲍姆之前没有哪位西方作家尝试过以见证人的描述和档案记录为依据撰写一部古拉格的历史。她的尝试产生了一项给人留下深刻印象的全面而详尽的研究成果；这一课题的每个方面均为逃过她的注意。优美通俗的文字……将使普通读者和专业人士获益良多。”——《纽约太阳报》
“为了了解劳改营中原始野蛮的人类生活体验，可以阅读索尔仁尼琴的《伊万·杰尼索维奇的一天》或伊琳娜·拉图申斯卡雅的《希望的颜色是灰暗》。为了了解这一罪恶的影响范围、来龙去脉及其令人恐怖的变本加厉，阅读这部历史吧。”——《芝加哥论坛报》
“西方作者对这一苏联祸患所发表过的权威——和全面——的报道。”——《新闻周刊》
“一项巨大的成就：博学，感人，深刻。……读者不会轻易忘记阿普尔鲍姆对古拉格给人类带来的深重苦难的生动描述。”——《国家评论》杂志
“清晰易懂，周密细致，毫无耸人听闻之意，它应当在每个知识分子读者的书架上占有一席之地。”——《洛杉矶时报》
“权威著作。……必将成为今后多年关于这一主题的权威性报告。”——《新批评》杂志
“对一九一七至一九八六年间苏联劳改营兴衰史的精辟描述。……一本非常好的书。”——《纽约书评》
In this magisterial and acclaimed history, Anne Applebaum offers the first fully documented portrait of the Gulag, from its origins in the Russian Revolution, through its expansion under Stalin, to its collapse in the era of glasnost.
The Gulag—a vast array of Soviet concentration camps that held millions of political and criminal prisoners—was a system of repression and punishment that terrorized the entire society, embodying the worst tendencies of Soviet communism. Applebaum intimately re-creates what life was like in the camps and links them to the larger history of the Soviet Union. Immediately recognized as a landmark and long-overdue work of scholarship, Gulag is an essential book for anyone who wishes to understand the history of the twentieth century.
Review:
“An important book. . . . It is fervently to be hoped that people will read Anne Applebaum’s excellent, tautly written, and very damning history.” —The New York Times Book Review
“The most authoritative—and comprehensive—account of this Soviet blight ever published by a Western writer.” —Newsweek
“A titanic achievement: learned and moving and profound. . . . No reader will easily forget Applebaum’s vivid accounts of the horrible human suffering of the Gulag.” —National Review
“A tragic testimony to how evil ideologically inspired dictatorships can be.” — The New York Times
“Lucid, painstakingly detailed, never sensational, it should have a place on every educated reader’s shelves.” — Los Angeles Times
“Magisterial. . . . Certain to remain the definitive account of its subject for years to come. . . . An immense achievement.” — The New Criterion
“An excellent account of the rise and fall of the Soviet labor camps between 1917 and 1986. . . . A splendid book.” —The New York Review of Books
“Should become the standard history of one of the greatest evils of the 20th century.” —The Economist
“Thorough, engrossing . . . A searing attack on the corruption and the viciousness that seemed to rule the system and a testimonial to the resilience of the Russian people. . . . Her research is impeccable.” — San Francisco Chronicle
“An affecting book that enables us at last to see the Gulag whole. . . . A valuable and necessary book.” –The Wall Street Journal
“Ambitious and well-documented . . . Invaluable . . . Applebaum methodically, and unflinchingly, provides a sense of what it was like to enter and inhabit the netherworld of the Gulag.” — The New Yorker
“[Applebaum’s] writing is powerful and incisive, but it achieves this effect through simplicity and restraint rather than stylistic flourish. . . . [An] admirable and courageous book.” — The Washington Monthly
“Monumental . . . Applebaum uses her own formidable reporting skills to construct a gripping narrative.” — Newsday
“Valuable. There is nothing like it in Russian, or in any other language. It deserves to be widely read.” — Financial Times
“A book whose importance is impossible to exaggerate. . . . Magisterial . . . Applebaum’s book, written with such quiet elegance and moral seriousness, is a major contribution to curing the amnesia that curiously seems to have affected broader public perceptions of one of the two or three major enormities of the twentieth century.” — Times Literary Supplement
“A truly impressive achievement . . . We should all be grateful to [Applebaum].” — The Sunday Times (London)
“A chronicle of ghastly human suffering, a history of one of the greatest abuses of power in the story of our species, and a cautionary tale of towering moral significance . . . A magisterial work, written in an unflinching style that moves as much as it shocks, and that glistens with the teeming life and stinking putrefaction of doomed men and rotten ideals.” — The Daily Telegraph (London)
“No Western author until Anne Applebaum attempted to produce a history of the Gulag based on the combination of eyewitness accounts and archival records. The result is an impressively thorough and detailed study; no aspect of this topic escapes her attention. Well written, accessible…enlightening for both the general reader and specialists.” — The New York Sun
“For the raw human experience of the camps, read Solzhenitsyn’s One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich or Irina Ratushinskaya’s Grey is the Color of Hope. For the scope, context, and the terrible extent of the criminality, read this history.” — Chicago Tribune
“GULAG is a monumental achievement, a masterpiece of Soviet history, indeed, one of the great historical epics of our time. With intense moral clarity, Anne Applebaum exposes not only the full horror of these slave labor camps— Russia’s legacy of state-sponsored genocide— but the equally shocking, global amnesia towards the millions who died in them.” — Iris Chang, author of The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II
“Combining meticulous research with myriad accounts of survivors, Gulag: A History illuminates a shadowed world in which millions perished under unspeakable conditions. Any who question why we fought the Cold War will find an answer.” — Henry A. Kissinger, former U.S. Secretary of State
“As the 20th century recedes into history, with all its hideous crimes and high ideals, wars and trials, lies and revelations, we still have an uneasy feeling of some unfulfilled duty left back there, like an unpaid debt or a dead body we did not commit to the ground. This ghost’s name is Gulag - and this book, a comprehensive study of a subject most people try to forget, is a first attempt at exorcism.” — Vladimir Bukovsky, former Soviet dissident
“An important and necessary book.” — Jung Chang, author of Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China
“A monumental work that will long stand as a memorial of the countless victims of the Gulag, and also to the shame of the many erstwhile Gulag deniers.” — Zbigniew Brzezinski, Former National Security Adviser to President Jimmy Carter
“Anne Applebaum’s work is very human, very readable, both rich in detail and highly impressive as an overview of the huge and dreadful GULAG phenomenon. The astonishing story comes alive in a new way, deep feeling combining with deep understanding.” — Robert Conquest, author of Stalin and The Great Terror
“Anne Applebaum’s Gulag is the first up-to-date scholarly study of the central terror institution of the Soviet regime. It is distinguished not only by thorough research in the sources, many of them previously unknown, but by its humane treatment of the victims of this utterly inhuman institution.” — Richard Pipes, Professor of History Emeritus, Harvard University
“Anne Applebaum’s Gulag is an important book. Her many years of scrupulous research have provided a wealth of fascinating detail to create a terrifying and unforgettable story.” — Antony Beevor, author of Stalingrad
安妮·阿普尔鲍姆，《华盛顿邮报》专栏作家和编辑部成员（2002-2006）。毕业于耶鲁大学（1986），马歇尔奖学金获得者（1987）。曾担任（伦敦）《旁观者》杂志国外编辑，《经济学家》杂志驻华沙记者和网络杂志《石板》以及一些英国报纸的专栏作家。作品还发表在《纽约书评》《外交季刊》《华尔街日报》以及许多其他报纸刊物上。她的著作还有《东方与西方之间：跨越欧洲的中间地带》。
Anne Applebaum is a columnist and member of the editorial board of the Washington Post. A graduate of Yale and a Marshall Scholar, she has worked as the foreign and deputy editor of the Spectator (London), as the Warsaw correspondent for the Economist, and as a columnist for the on-line magazine Slate, as well as for several British newspapers. Her work has also appeared in the New York Review of Books, Foreign Affairs, and the Wall Street Journal, among many other publications. She lives in Washington, D.C., with her husband, Radek Sikorski, and two children.
Chapter 1
BOLSHEVIK BEGINNINGS
But your spine has been smashed,
My beautiful, pitiful era,
And with an inane smile
You look back, cruel and weak,
Like an animal past its prime,
At the prints of your own paws.
—osip mandelstam,“Vek”
One of my goals is to destroy the myth that the cruelest era of repression began in 1936-37. I think that in future, statistics will show that the wave of arrests, sentences and exile had already begun at the beginning of 1918, even before the official declaration, that autumn, of the“Red Terror.” From that moment, the wave simply grew larger and larger, until the death of Stalin . . .
—dmitrii likhachev, Vospominaniya
In the year 1917, two waves of revolution rolled across Russia, sweeping Imperial Russian society aside as if it were destroying so many houses of cards. After Czar Nicholas II abdicated in February, events proved extremely difficult for anyone to halt or control. Alexander Kerensky, the leader of the first post-revolutionary Provisional Government, later wrote that, in the void following the collapse of the old regime,“all existing political and tactical programs, however bold and well conceived, appeared hanging aimlessly and uselessly in space.”
But although the Provisional Government was weak, although popular dissatisfaction was widespread, although anger at the carnage caused by the First World War ran high, few expected power to fall into the hands of the Bolsheviks, one of several radical socialist parties agitating for even more rapid change. Abroad, the Bolsheviks were scarcely known. One apocryphal tale illustrates foreign attitudes very well: in 1917, so the story goes, a bureaucrat rushed into the office of the Austrian Foreign Minister, shouting,“Your Excellency, there has been a revolution in Russia!” The minister snorted.“Who could make a revolution in Russia? Surely not harmless Herr Trotsky, down at the Cafe Central?”
If the nature of the Bolsheviks was mysterious, their leader, Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov—the man the world would come to know by his revolutionary pseudonym,“Lenin”—was even more so. During his many years as an emigre revolutionary, Lenin had been recognized for his brilliance, but also disliked for his intemperance and his factionalism. He picked frequent fights with other socialist leaders, and had a penchant for turning minor disagreements over seemingly irrelevant matters of dogma into major arguments.
In the first months following the February Revolution, Lenin was very far from holding a position of unchallenged authority, even within his own Party. As late as mid-October 1917, a handful of leading Bolsheviks continued to oppose his plan to carry out a coup d’etat against the Provisional Government, arguing that the Party was unprepared to take power, and that it did not yet have popular support. He won the argument, however, and on October 25 the coup took place. Under the influence of Lenin’s agitation, a mob sacked the Winter Palace. The Bolsheviks arrested the ministers of the Provisional Government. Within hours, Lenin had become the leader of the country he renamed Soviet Russia.
Yet although Lenin had succeeded in taking power, his Bolshevik critics had not been entirely wrong. The Bolsheviks were indeed wildly unprepared. As a result, most of their early decisions, including the creation of the one-party state, were taken to suit the needs of the moment. Their popular support was indeed weak, and almost immediately they began to wage a bloody civil war, simply in order to stay in power. From 1918, when the White Army of the old regime regrouped to fight the new Red Army—led by Lenin’s comrade,“Herr Trotsky” from the“Cafe Central”—some of the most brutal fighting ever seen in Europe raged across the Russian countryside. Nor did all of the violence take place in battlefields. The Bolsheviks went out of their way to quash intellectual and political opposition in any form it took, attacking not only the representatives of the old regime but also other socialists: Mensheviks, Anarchists, Social Revolutionaries. The new Soviet state would not know relative peace until 1921.
