重磅推荐
FOREWORDTibetan ethnic group is an important member of our multi-ethnic country. Tibet Autonomous Region is its main habitation and the birthplace of its culture. Its history is also an important part of the Chinese history. Historically, Tibet, inland provinces and habitations of other ethnic minorities formed mutual economic dependency, close political connection, as well as religious and cultural harmony. Since officially incorporated into the territory of Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368), Tibet has remained under the jurisdiction of the central government of China. Summarizing the basic principles of Tibet’s development and social governance and finding the experiences and lessons of historical interactions between different ethnic groups will help us inherit and absorb excellent traditional culture, enhance national pride and unite all the people in Tibet. Those efforts will be useful to build Tibet into an important region for characteristic culture protection and to realize the revival of the Chinese nation.This book introduces the history of both the region and Tibetan ethnic group. It is hard to set forth all the stuffs with only 100,000 words. I just outline important events in different periods with concise text to show the main thread of local historical development. The book consults others’ works and includes many new research results as well.
【编辑推荐】
《西藏历史》全面介绍了西藏地区由古至今的发展历史，全书分为十一章：吐蕃王朝建立前的西藏、吐蕃王朝时期的西藏、地方政教势力割据时期的西藏、元代西藏、明代西藏、清朝前期的西藏、清朝后期的西藏、西藏人民反抗英国侵略的斗争、民国时期的西藏、西藏的和平解放、西藏自治区的建立。本书以动态、发展的观点，系统梳理西藏历史社会曲折、复杂的演进变迁，很好地体现了爱国主义、民族团结、反对分裂的时代主题。书中精当利用历史文献、典籍、档案资料等，真实展示了西藏历史发展的许多重大事件，着重阐明了西藏历史的一些关键问题及其依据：西藏自古以来是中国领土一部分；如何看待历史上历代中央王朝与西藏地方的关系；客观评价历代中央政府治藏政策的意义，等等。作为附录，书中特别增加了“中央人民政府和西藏地方政府关于和平解放西藏办法的协议”，用历史进程中的关键去还所谓“西藏问题”的本真面目，颇见匠心。全书以史实证明西藏社会所经历的从落后到进步，从封闭到开放，从政教合一到政教分离，从封建统治到民族自治，从传统社会到现代化的历史性转折，澄清了所谓“西藏问题”的由来和实质，批驳了各种宣扬“西藏是一个国家”的谬论，揭露以达赖为首的“藏独”分子以暴力方式破坏我国藏族地区的稳定、和谐、发展的局面的分裂本质。本书纲目线索清晰，内容充实扼要，吸收了西藏历史研究的*实证成果，引证论述严谨客观，体现了作者的批判性思考。史论结合，言之有据，通俗易懂，又不失学术水准，体现了创新与探索。全书图文并茂，制作精良，是一本了解西藏的上乘读物，令人耳目一新。 A History of Tibet introduces the development of the region ever since ancient times. It is composed of 11 chapters, including Tibet before Tubo Kingdom, Tubo Kingdom, Era of Fragmentation, Tibet in Yuan Dynasty, Tibet in Ming Dynasty, Tibet in Early Qing Dynasty, Tibet in Late Qing Dynasty, Resistance against British Aggression, Tibet in the Republic of China, Peaceful Liberation and Establishment of Tibet Autonomous Region.The book introduces the winding and complicated progress of Tibetan society with dynamic and development approaches, well reflecting the themes of patriotism, national unity and anti-secession. It vividly presents major events with historical documents, ancient records and archives. Especially, it gives stress on identifying some key facts, such as Tibet’s status of being a part of Chinese territory since ancient times, the relationship between the local government of Tibet and the central government, and the objective assessment of the central government’s Tibet policies. The Agreement of the Central People’s Government and the Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet is also attached in the book for reference. The book shows Tibet’s advance to prosperity and opening-up as well as its separation of religion and politics. It also witnesses the region’s shift to regional autonomy from feudal serfdom as well as the march to modernization from traditional society. By revealing the essence of “Tibet issue”, it refutes the viewpoint that “Tibet is an independent nation”. The book also discloses that separatists led by the 14th Dalai Lama use violent means to undermine the stability, social harmony and development of Tibetan-inhabited regions. A History of Tibet has a clear writing structure and concise contents. It cites the latest empirical research results of others and includes the author’s critical thinking as well. Historical facts and evidential discussions are well combined. It, in spite of its high academic standard, is easy to understand. Overall, it is one of the best books for readers to understand Tibet.
【内容简介】
本套丛书从人文视角对西藏的历史、宗教、文学、艺术、民俗进行精当展示，独到解读、描绘西藏风土人情和文化风貌，向国内外读者展示西藏魅力。各分册在内容上较多吸收了相关领域*研究成果，注重讲故事，雅俗共赏。 本书由著名藏学权威专家、中国藏学研究中心历史所原所长陈庆英撰稿。全书清晰梳理了西藏历史发展脉络，特别是以历史唯物主义的视角和方法，将西藏历史各时期重大事件的背景、过程及影响，与西藏作为地方同中央的归属关系紧密联系起来，用无可辩驳的史实证明西藏是中国固有领土和不可分割的组成部分。
This book, written by famous Tibetologist Chen Qingying, clearly outlines the historical development of Tibet. It elaborates on background, process and impact of major events from the angle of historical materialism, but also closely associates them with the relationship between the local government of Tibet and the central government. It proves with undeniable facts that Tibet is an inseparable part of China.
【作者简介】
陈庆英，中国藏学研究中心历史宗教研究所原所长、研究员，著名藏学学者。主要著述有《藏族传统文化辞典》；《藏族历史宗教研究（一）》、《元代乌思藏本钦纪略》、《西藏历史文化辞典》。发表《斯坦因、伯希和敦煌汉文写卷中夹存的藏文写卷情况调查》、《西藏佛教史上的汉印佛教辩论》、《土地面积丈量－试析吐蕃时期的土地制度》等学术文章70余篇。 Chen Qingying is former director of history and religion research institute under the China Tibetology Research Center. His major works include Dictionary of Traditional Tibetan Culture, Study on Tibetan History and Religion (Part One), U-Tsang Ponchens in Yuan Dynasty and Dictionary of Tibetan History and Culture. He also published more than 70 academic papers such as An Investigation into Tibetan-Language Scrolls Found in Mark Aurel Stein/Paul Pelliot Accounts and Dunhuang Scrolls, Debates over Chinese and Indian Buddhism in the History of Tibet and Land Measurement-An Analysis of Land System in Tubo Kingdom.
【目录】
TABLE OF CONTENTSForewordChapter OneTibet before Tubo KingdomChapter TwoTubo KingdomChapter ThreeEra of FragmentationChapter FourTibet in Yuan DynastyChapter FiveTibet in Ming DynastyChapter SixTibet in Early Qing DynastyChapter SevenTibet in Late Qing DynastyChapter EightFight against British AggressionChapter NineTibet in the Republic of ChinaChapter TenPeaceful LiberationChapter ElevenEstablishment of Tibet Autonomous RegionAppendixThe Agreement of the Central People’s Government and the Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet
【书摘与插画】
Chapter SixTibet in Early Qing DynastyGushi Khan joined hands with the Gelukpa to establish the Ganden Phodrang regime. He turned to be the ruler of all the Tibetan-inhabited areas, incuding Gansu, Qinghai, Kham and Ü-Tsang. He built Qinghai into a base of Khoshut Khanate, where eight of his sons led troops. Tax revenues levied from Kham were used to supply the army and the people in Qinghai, while that of Ü-Tsang were used to support the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama. Gelukpa monasteries benefited a lot from this financially. Gushi Khan and two of his sons settled in Lhasa, while his troops were stationed in Damxung, north of Lhasa. High-rank officials of the Ganden Phodrang regime, including Desi(regent), were all appointed by Gushi Khan. The Khan approved and released all the administrative orders, while Desi just countersigned them.Anticipating the decline of the Ming Dynasty, Gushi Khan actively sought the political backing of the newly rising Late Jin (Qing Dynasty). Shortly after the occupation of Qinghai, he sent envoys to Shengjing (now Shenyang) to meet with Late Jin ruler Huang Taiji.a Before his control of Tibet, Gushi Khan negotiated with the Fifth Dalai Lama and the Fourth Panchen Lama on sending a delegation to Shengjing. The delegation, led by Ailaquqsav, consisted of Tsangpa Desi and other Tibetan leaders. In 1642, the delegation arrived in Shengjing and was welcomed by Huang Taiji outside of the town. In addition to generous rewards, “the worship for the heaven and the courtesy of thrice kneeling and nine times bowing” also showed the Late Jin’s emphasis over Mongol and Tibetan forces. In the following year, Huang Taiji sent envoys to Tibet to reward Kushi Khan, Dalai Lama, Panchen Lama, Tsangpa Desi and other political and religious leaders.After settling capital in Beijing in 1644, Qing emperors had more contacts with Tibet. In the following year, Gushi Khan sent his son Dorje Dalai Batur to Beijing with a letter to Shunzhi Emperor, saying that he would “follow any order” of the Qing Imperial Court. Both the Khan and the Dalai Lama paid tributes annually to the Qing Dynasty and received generous rewards. In order to further strengthen political ties, Gushi Khan asked the Qing Imperial Court to “invite the meritorious Dalai Lama to Beijing to chant sutras for blessing”. The Fifth Dalai Lama left Lhasa with a large number of entourages in 1652 and arrived in Beijing at the end of that year. He received the audience of Shunzhi Emperor at Nanyuan of Beijing, being treated with special etiquette and offered a banquet as well as such rewards like gold, silver, satin, jewels and jade. The Tibetan religious leader paid thousands of tributes, including corals, ambers, lapis lazuli beads, pulu, horses, and lamb fur. During the two-month stay in Beijing, he was summoned twice by Shunzhi Emperor to the Forbidden City to attend grand state banquets, and was invited to many dinners hosted by Manchu and Mongol princes. The Dalai Lama also held series of Buddhist activities: teach all kinds of scriptures, write invitations, wishes, eulogy and prayers for a Horchin Mongol prince, Han monks, imperial guard Lhama and thousands of ordinary people from all over the country. He also received lots of money, gifts and ritual instruments. The Qing Imperial Court built the Yellow Temple as his residence in Beijing. In early 1653, Shunzhi Emperor granted him an imperial mandate, a gold seal and a title of “Dalai Lama, Overseer of the Buddhist Faith on Earth under the Great Benevolent Self-subsisting Buddha of the Western Paradise”. It marks the Qing Dynasty’s recognition of the Dalai Lama’s status as a religious leader in Mongolia and Tibet. It becomes a system that the Dalai Lama needs the mandate of the central government. The Qing Imperial Court also sent envoys to Tibet, conferring Gushi Khan the title of “Righteous and Wise Gushi Khan”, a gold seal and an imperial mandate written in Chinese, Manchu and Tibetan languages. This was set to recognize his Khanship over the rule of Tibetan regions. The Qing Central Government played an important role in consolidating the Ganden Phodrang regime.
