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Lesson 170 Ecology 生态学 In the last 150 years or so, scientists have become interested in the way animals and plants live together. This interest has created a new branch of science called ecology. Over millions of years, plants and animals have learned to change themselves so they can fit perfectly into their environment. For example, a saltwater fish lives best in the ocean and a mouse is healthiest in a field. Certain organisms may be found in a large area, but they do not live in all of it. They are usually only found in a small part of it. This is the place where it is easiest for them to live. Ecologists call this place their habitat. They study the way organisms survive in their natural habitat. 过去 150 年左右，科学家一直对动植物共存的方式颇感兴趣。这一兴趣创造了新的学科分支，这个分支被称为生态学。数百万年来，动植物已学会对自身做出改变，以便能完美地融入周遭环境中。举例来说，咸水鱼适合栖息在海洋中，老鼠在田野中生长得也健康。广大的区域会有可能发现某些物种，不过这些生物并非栖息在整块区域。通常只能在整块区域的一小块中发现这些生物。这一小块区域便是它们易生存的空间。生态学家把这块区域称为栖息地。他们研究生物在天然栖息地的生存方式。
语法重点 复习关系副词 where、when、why、how 的用法： a. where 应置于表示“地方”的名词之后。 I live in Nanning, where I met my second girlfriend, who later became my wife. 地方 = I live in Nanning, in which I met my second girlfriend, who later became my wife. 我住在南宁，在那儿我遇到了我的第二位女友，后来她成了我的妻子。 I see the hilltop where there is a big mansion. 地方 = I see the hilltop on which there is a big mansion. 我见到了那座山顶，上面有一栋很大的庄园。 b. when 置于表示“时间”的名词之后。 The Second World War broke out in 1939, when my great grandfather was just an elementary schoolboy. 时间 = The Second World War broke out in 1939, in which my great grandfather was just an elementary schoolboy. 第二次世界大战于 1939 年爆发，当年我曾祖父还只是个小学生。 I still remember I left my hometown on a day when it was drizzling. = I still remember I left my hometown on a day on which it was drizzling. 我仍记得我离开家乡的那一天正下着毛毛细雨。 c. why 应置于先行词 the reason（理由、原因）之后，the reason 或 why 亦均可省略，即 Tell me the reason why you want to resign. = Tell me the reason for which you want to resign. = Tell me the reason you want to resign. = Tell me why you want to resign. 告诉我你要辞职的理由。 d. how 理应置于 the way（方法）之后，但 the way 与 how 不能并存，应删除其中之一，即 This is the way how I'll solve the problem. ( ╳ ) → This is how I'll solve the problem. ( √ ) = This is the way I'll solve the problem. ( √ ) 这是我将用来解决该问题的方法。 换言之，how 之前不得有先行词 the way。 本课倒数第三句即使用了关系副词 where： This is the place where it is easiest for them to live. = This is the place in which it is easiest for them to live. 这一小块区域便是它们易生存的空间。
重要单词短语解析 数字 or so 若干…… = about / around 数字 We need $4,000 or so to complete the project. 我们需要四千美元左右来完成这个项目。 branch n.（学科的）分支；分公司；树枝 The company has branches all over the world. 该公司在世界各地都有分公司。 ecology n. 生态学 fit vi. 融入 fit into ... 融入…… fit in 融入；适应 Stubborn people find it hard to fit into society. 固执的人会发现融入社会是一件很难的事。 ＊stubborn adj. 固执的 It's a shame that my new boyfriend doesn't fit in with my friends. 很可惜我的新男友无法融入我的朋友圈。 organism n. 有机物 habitat n. 栖息地 inhabit vt. 栖息于；居住于 The island is inhabited by many different species. 许多不同物种栖息于该岛屿。 survive vi. 生存 & vt. 活得比……久；幸免度过 The custom still survives in certain societies. 这种习俗仍留存在某些社会。 Mary survived her husband by 10 years. 玛丽比她丈夫多活 10 年。 The company managed to survive the recession. 该公司设法度过了经济萧条期。 ＊recession n. 不景气
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The man was born in 1941,______war broke out. (A) where (B) which (C) when (D) on which This is______I deal with a difficult customer. (A) that (B) what (C) how (D) which Many animals' natural______were destroyed because of human development. (A) habitats (B) branches (C) organisms (D) habits Tom found it difficult to fit_______with his colleagues. (A) on (B) for (C) as (D) in People in the past had to figure out a way to_______in harsh weather conditions. (A) regret (B) survive (C) create (D) in 答案：C C A D B
